Sources and References
¹ BBC Watchdog, investigation into flea collars and their effects on pets.
² U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Incident Data Report 2020: over 75,000 reports of side effects and about 1,700 dog deaths potentially linked to the Seresto collar containing imidacloprid and flumethrin.
³ U.S. House Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy, Hearing 15 June 2022: "Seresto Flea and Tick Collars: Examining Why a Product Linked to More Than 2,500 Pet Deaths Remains on the Market."
⁴ Reuters, March 2023: Elanco Animal Health paid about £12 million in out of court settlements for Seresto collar lawsuits, without admitting fault.
⁵ European Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/783: restrictions on imidacloprid in farming to protect bees and pollinators.
⁶ U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Alert September 2018: warning about potential neurological side effects in dogs treated with products containing isoxazolines, including afoxolaner (Nexgard), fluralaner (Bravecto).
⁷ Pliny the Elder, "Naturalis Historia" (77 AD): references to citronella as a natural repellent in ancient Rome.
⁸ Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, Clinical Study 2021: "Efficacy of essential oil based formulations against ectoparasites in domestic dogs."
⁹ BAUPAW Internal Data, Clinical Tests 2020 to 2023: studies on over 5,500 dogs with 94% success for 12 months.
Note: This article is the author's personal experience. Always talk to a vet before changing your pet's parasite treatment.